V that She signalled a passing taxi and ordered him to take her to the rue Marengo. V prep/adv He stood up, signalling to the officer that he had finished with his client. The United manager was to be seen frantically signalling to McClair. Once again, the use of an explanatory parenthetical with either " Cf." or " Compare" is strongly encouraged. 2 verb If you signalto someone, you make a gesture or sound in order to send them a particular message. When using "Compare" as a signal, " Compare," " with," and the conjunction " and" should all be italicised and both " with" and " and" should be preceded by a comma: Stated another way, "Cf." is used when a comparison between the textual assertion and the cited source would support the proposition by analogy, while "Compare" is used when the comparison between two or more sources will tend to support or illustrate the proposition. Second, "Compare" "must be used in conjunction with ' with'" and used to offer a comparison between two or more cited authorities while "Cf." may be used to compare a single authority with the textual proposition. This distinction is important when determining the order of signals and authorities, explained below. " Cf." is the abbreviation of the Latin word "confer," literally meaning "compare," but proper use of the two signals does vary in several key ways.įirst, " Cf." is classified as as signal indicating support (in rule 1.2(a)) rather than one of comparison. Two introductory signals may be used to suggest a useful comparison: " Cf. ![]() Law Review Typeface For Comparison Signals: Italics Again, an explanatory parenthetical explaining the relevance of the material is strongly encouraged. NOTE: It is not appropriate to use See also for general background-reading materials in that case, the signal " See generally" should be used (rule 1.2(d)). An explanatory parenthetical stating the relevance of the additional material is strongly encouraged. "See also" is used to cite to additional materials and authority that supports a proposition but when other authority has already been cited to using either See or. Although not a catch-all signal, it is often inappropriately used as such. It is used when the cited authority clearly supports a proposition but there is an inferential step between the proposition as stated and the cited authority. See is probably the most frequently used (and abused) introductory signal. ![]() NOTE: " E.g." can be combined with other signals, such as " See." When communed with another signal, the other signal should be given first, separated by an italicized comma but ending with a non-italicized comma: " E.g.," is the abbreviation for the Latin phrase "exempli gratia," and can loosely be translated to mean "good example." " E.g." is used when the cited authority states the proposition and when citation to other authorities also stating the proposition would be unhelpful or unnecessary.
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